FABRIC STRUCTURES NAMES 织物结构的名字
There are still refering to the same things - Tensile Fabric Structures, Tensile Fabric Structure, Tension Membrane Structures, Tension Membran Structure, Architectural Membrane Structure, Shell Structure, Fabric Structure.还有指的是同样的事情-拉伸织物的结构，拉伸织物结构，张力膜结构，张拉膜结构，建筑膜结构，壳结构，织物结构。
WHAT IS FABRIC MEMBRANE STRUCTURES 什么是膜结构织物
A fabric structures is membrane/ or fabric under prestress ( tension ) stage. 织物结构是膜/或下预应力结构（张力）的阶段。 A structural elements and supporting system required to maintain the tension form. 结构要素和支持系统需要保持紧张的形式。 Two shapes are evident in tension fabric structures. 两种形状是显而易见的紧张织物结构。
A. Anticlastic structures with two double in opposite curvature.字母a. Anticlastic结构，双曲率相反。 These type of structuresShape carried many free tension fabric forms.这些类型的structuresShape进行许多免费的紧张局势结构形式。 Example of pure tensile fabric structures.例如纯拉伸织物结构。
B. Synclastic structures with two double curvatures in the same direction.湾Synclastic结构，双曲率的方向是一致的。 Example of Air supported structures.例如空气支持的结构。
Anticlastic curves take a wide variety of free forms but are commonly made up from some basic shapes. Anticlastic曲线采取各种各样的自由形式，但普遍取得了一些基本的形状。 The fabric structures form are cone, arched vault and the hypar.这种织物的结构形式是锥，拱形的墓穴和hypar 。
The Cone该锥体
- Single cone, multiples cones, fixed edge at the parameter of cone, catenary edges/ or cables edge at the parameter of the cone, variations in overall peak heights, or inverted cone (cone upside down). -单锥，锥的倍数，边缘固定在锥参数，接触网边/或电缆边缘的参数锥，变化的总体峰高地，或倒置锥（锥上下颠倒） 。
The Arched Vault在拱形的墓穴
- Parallel arches or crossed arches. -平行穿过拱门或拱。
The Hyper -该超-
- Two opposing high points and two opposing low points. -两个对立的高点和两个对立的较低点。
THE ADVANTAGES USING TENSILE FABRIC STRUCTURES 使用的优点拉伸织物结构
Fabric structures give natural diffuse light but with reduced heat load.织物结构使自然散射光线，但与降低热负荷。 The high reflectivity of the white membrane fabric is very efficeint.高反射率的白色膜结构是非常efficeint 。 An very good alternative to polycarbonate or glass as a roof glazingsystem.一个非常好的替代聚碳酸酯或玻璃作为屋顶glazingsystem 。
Light penetrates into tensile fabric membrane with natural light and at night the artificial light provide an ambience of great appeal to many people.轻渗透到织物拉伸膜与自然光线和夜晚的人造光的氛围提供了一个非常吸引了许多人。
In day time the light transmission is typically 5% ?在一天时间的光传输通常是5 ％ ？ 20%, it is just sufficient to eliminate or greatly reduce the need for artificial lighting in day time. 20 ％ ，这只是不足以消除或大大减少，需要人工照明在一天的时间。 With little or no artificial lighting a heat load is reduced.很少或根本没有人工照明的热负荷降低。 Absorption of solar energy in the fabric structures is typically 4% to 17%.吸收太阳能的织物结构通常是4 ％至17 ％ 。
With colored fabrics, in particularly dark colored fabric membranes, the absorption of heat is very high and the re?radiated effect can be strong and therefore unpleasant.随着彩色面料，尤其是黑暗色膜结构，吸收的热量是非常高，并再度？辐射效应可强，因此不愉快。 For this reason white should be chosen for enclosed or shade structures in tensile fabric structures application.出于这个原因白色应选择封闭或遮阳结构拉伸织物结构的应用程序。
Fabric structures offer both the roof and the cladding in one element, the tensile membrane structures provides all of this in one structural element.织物结构提供了屋顶和包层的一个组成部分，拉伸膜结构提供了所有这一切都在一个结构性的因素。 Therefore the structural element is important for structural appearance: -因此，结构性因素是非常重要的外观结构： -
(a) Seam and Curve in the tensile fabric structures reflect tension forces hence create eye catching character. （一）煤层和曲线的拉伸织物结构反映了部队的紧张局势因此，建立特色眼追赶。
(b) Structure, lighting, fire sprinkle and other expose elements in the space compliment each other. （二）结构，照明，消防喷洒及其他揭露要素在空间恭维对方。
Some of the practical advantages of Tension Fabric Structures are:一些实际的优势张力织物结构是：
(c) low maintenance compare to glass; （三）维护比较低的玻璃;
(d) factory manufacture of the membrane minimizing site interruptions; （四）工厂制造的膜最小的网站中断;
(e) Membrane factory welded into single weatherproof skin eliminating expansion joints; （戊）膜厂焊接成单一的防水消除皮肤伸缩缝;
(f) large span with more coverage; （ F ）的大跨度更多的覆盖面;
(g) Designed for rapid construction. （ g ）项专为快速施工。
REINFORCED FABRIC MEMBRANE TYPES钢筋结构膜类型
Two fabric membrane types are commonly used in tension fabric structures:两种结构类型的膜中常用的紧张织物的结构：
I PVDF/PVC Coated Polyester余聚偏氟乙烯/聚氯乙烯涂层聚酯
(Polyvinyl DeneFlouride) （聚乙烯醇DeneFlouride ）
II PTFE Coated Fiberglass二聚四氟乙烯涂层玻璃
(PolyTetraFluoroEthylene) （聚四氟乙烯）
I TENSILE FABRIC STRUCTURES - PVC COATED POLYESTER余拉伸织物结构-聚氯乙烯涂层聚酯
This material has been widely used for fabric structures for over twenty years.这种材料已被广泛用于织物结构的二十多年。 The material is easily handled and welded using fabric structures high frequency welders.该材料很容易处理和焊接结构用织物高频焊机。 International convention has defined four grades of fabric based on mechanical properties, weights and strengths increase up to grade IV.国际公约确定了四个等级的基础上织物力学性能，重量和力量增加到第四级。 The project engineers usually make fabric selection after shape analysis.该项目的工程师通常选择面料后形成的分析。 The grading and types depend on fabric manufacturers.分级和类型取决于织物制造商。
There are several types of PVC fabrics classified according to surface coatings see below.有几种类型的聚氯乙烯面料分类表面涂层见下文。
The PVC coated polyester fabrics offer significant cost advantages over PTFE coated Fiberglass fabrics.聚氯乙烯涂层的涤纶织物提供显着的成本优势，聚四氟乙烯涂层玻璃纤维织物。
The life span of a PVC coated polyester architectural fabric should exceed fifteen years.寿命的聚氯乙烯涂层织物聚酯建筑应超过15年。
(a) Acrylic Typically used where the fabric is colored. （一）丙烯酸通常使用的织物色彩。 This type of fabric does not have as good properties for self cleaning or for life expectancy as compared with PVDF or PTFE fabrics.这种类型的织物不具备的性能优良的自我清洁或预期寿命相比，聚偏二氟乙烯或聚四氟乙烯面料。 Acrylic coated can be welded conventionally without any surface treatment.丙烯酸涂层可焊接的传统没有任何表面处理。 Warranty 3-5 years and for smaller structure.保修3-5年，并为较小的结构。
(b) PVDF (Polyvinyl DeneFlouride) coating This coating has excellent theoretical properties for long term clean ability and protects the PVC and polyester. （二）聚偏二氟乙烯（聚乙烯DeneFlouride ）涂层此涂层具有良好的理论性质的长期清洁能力和保护聚氯乙烯和聚酯。 All architectural fabric should be specified with antiwick base fabrics.所有的建筑结构应指定antiwick基地织物。 Wicking is the problem where water creeps internally along the thread lines of the fabric leading to unsightly staining of the fabric and possible de lamination.灯芯的问题是水毛骨悚然国内沿螺纹线的结构，导致难看的染色织物和可能的层压。 Warranty for 7-12 years depend type and made of fabric.保修为7-12岁依赖型和面料制成的。
II TENSILE FABRIC STRUCTURES - PTFE (PolyTetraFluoroEthylene ) COATED FIBREGLASS二拉伸织物结构-聚四氟乙烯（聚四氟乙烯）涂层的玻璃纤维
PTFE is chemically inert and offers excellent self cleaning properties, fire resistance and life span life spans typically exceed twenty five years.聚四氟乙烯的化学惰性，并提供良好的自我清洗性能，耐火和寿命的寿命通常超过二十五年。
PTFE coated Fiberglass is very expensive but is competitive with glass.聚四氟乙烯涂层玻璃纤维是非常昂贵的，但具有竞争力的玻璃。 The main problem with PTFE is that it requires very careful handling during the construction phase.的主要问题是聚四氟乙烯，它需要非常小心处理施工阶段。 The installation of PTFE coated Fiberglass fabric requires much more care and more complex detailing than the PVC coated polyester fabrics.安装聚四氟乙烯涂层玻璃纤维织物，需要更多的照顾和更复杂的详细比聚氯乙烯涂层涤纶织物。
The fabric for tension fabric structures is not weldable with conventional high frequency equipment but uses a special iron.该面料织物结构的紧张局势不会与传统的焊接高频设备，但使用一种特殊的铁。 Particular properties of PTFE allow it to be welded and unwelded using the same machinery.特别性能的四氟允许它焊接和unwelded使用相同的机制。 This allows damaged panels to be repaired on site.这使损坏的面板进行修复现场。
How to choose Tensile Fabric Structures between PVC/Polyester and Fiberglass fabrics如何选择拉伸织物结构之间的聚氯乙烯/聚酯和玻璃纤维织物
There are several factors that need to be considered when building a Tension Fabric Structures:有几个因素需要考虑建立一个当张力织物结构：
1 Budget 1预算
2 Long term project economics第2长期项目的经济学
3 Function三功能
4 Fire rating第4消防评级
5 Lighting requirements第5照明的要求
7 Aesthetics第7美学
COST CONSIDERATIONS FOR FABRIC STRUCTURES 成本因素对织物结构
The most effective fabric structures have the following characterisctis:最有效的织物结构有以下characterisctis ：
1) large spans with minimum number of comers and edges which min membrane plates corners; 1 ）大跨度与最低数量的来者不拒和边缘的民膜板的角落;
2) Symmetry or module; 2 ）对称性或模块;
3) Edge detailing, structural support and finishes; 3 ）边缘，详细，结构支持和完成;
4) Complex design and heavy engineering work on very difficult design. 4 ）复杂的设计和重型工程工作非常困难的设计。
FABRIC STRUCTURES GUIDELINES织物结构的指导方针
General tensile fabric structures problems:一般拉伸织物结构问题：
(i) A lack of complete knowledge in Tension fabric Structure Specification, Standard and Detailing. （一）缺乏完整的知识结构张力结构规范，标准和详图。
(ii) Limited recognition and building codes posed on Tension Membrane Structures. （二）有限公司的承认和建筑法规构成的张力膜结构。
Therefore it requires a high degree of technical validation in order to assure public safety and adhere to general purpose of building codes.因此，它需要高度的技术验证，以确保公众安全，并遵守一般用途的建筑法规。
Tensile Fabric Structures will be designed by the design and built specialist.拉伸织物结构将设计的设计和建造专家。 The team of architects and consultants will provide general parameters and guidelines about tensile fabric structures.该小组的建筑师和顾问将提供一般的参数和指导方针的拉伸织物结构。 Problem usually arises when owners who wish to obtain multiple bids awards the lowest bid who is not a qualify as a specialist.通常出现问题时，业主谁希望获得多个奖项出价最低的投标谁不是一有资格作为一个专家。
The following guidelines are extracted from the “Guidelines for Design and Construct Tenders for Tension Membrane Structures”, First Edition, August 1986 published by the Membrane Structures Association of Australia.下列准则摘自“指南设计和建设招标，张力膜结构” ，第1版， 1986年8月出版的膜结构协会澳大利亚。
Tender Preparation For Tensile Fabric Structures投标准备拉伸织物结构
The tender process may comprise of an initial rough estimate usually based upon the estimated cost per square metres for the particular project.招标过程中可能包括初步粗略估计通常依据的费用估计每平方米的特定项目。 This may then be followed up by a more accurate detailed estimate.这可能会采取后续行动更准确详细的估计。 The estimating process follows standard proforma spread sheet在估计过程如下标准形式上试算表
The tender or proposal should contain at least the following information or additional information as per the client/architects request:招标或建议应至少包含以下信息或其他资料按客户机/建筑师的要求：
Sketches, drawings, plans etc indicating structural design intent and approximate size of structural members;素描，绘画，计划等，说明结构设计意图和大小近似的结构成员;
Materials description for Fabric type and coating, cables, hardware, plates and steel;说明材料织物类型和涂料，电缆，五金，钢板和钢;
Assumptions made regarding ground conditions, footings if included;假设方面取得的地面情况，英镑，如果包括在内;
Design wind speed;设计风速;
Whether duties or government charges are included or payable.无论是政府的职责或费用列入或支付。
CONCLUSION ABOUT TENSILE FABRIC STRUCTURES 结论拉伸织物结构
Small changes to the dimensions or specifications of a fabric structures usually result in major or complete re design.小改变尺寸或规格的织物结构通常会造成重大或完全重新设计。 Tension membrane structures require many considerations, once designed any changes to tension fabric shape require major and costly redesign of the tensile fabric structures shape Unlike conventional structures, fabric structures do not allow changes at any point in the x, y, of z direction without complete redesign.张力膜结构需要很多的考虑，一旦设计的任何变更紧张织物形状需要大量和昂贵的重新设计的拉伸织物结构形状与传统的结构，织物结构不允许在任何变化点的x ， y ， z方向的不完全重新设计。
It is very important to obtain the following complete and accurate information as early as possible in the design process in Tensile Fabric Structures.这是非常重要的，以取得下列完整和准确的信息，尽早在设计过程中拉伸织物结构。
Principle原理
Description说明
Design function/purpose of the application设计功能/目的的应用
Budget of the project预算项目
Engineering requirements and details工程所需经费和细节
Structural issue结构性问题
Adjacent buildings where connecting to fix building or restriction邻近建筑物连接到修复或限制建设
Wind rating风评级
Contact us at : Tensile Fabric Structures Company for your best quality, price and partner in Tension Membrane Structures.联系我们： 拉伸织物结构公司为您最好的质量，价格和合作伙伴，张力膜结构。
